Objective: Colon carcinoma is the second most common cause of death from cancer. The isolation and characterization of tumorigenic colon cancer cells may help to devise novel diagnostic and theraputic procedures. Uncontrolled self-renewal is recently proposed as an important mechanism in carcinogenesis .Oct4, Nanog, Sox2 and Ns are keyes regulators of pluripotency and self-renewal in embryonic stem cells. The expressions of the genes have not been fully studied in somatic cancers, such as colon carcinoma.Materials and Methods: Here we have investigated the usefulness of Oct4, Sox2, Nanog and Ns gene expression as potential molecular markers in colon cancer cell line caco2 and HT-29.Caco2 and HT-29 human colon cancer cell lines were grown in RPMI medium containing 10%FBS with 1%peniciline and streptomycinen. All cell culture was carried out at 37 in a co2 humidified incubatore. Total RNA was isolated by ISOGEN method. RNA integrity was checked by electrophoresis in agarose gel .RNA concentration was estimated by spectrophotometry at 260 nm. We used RT-PCR to examin samples. The expression of Oct4 and Ns at protein level were further determined by Immunocytochemistry.Results: OCT4, NANOg SOX2 and NSgene self renewal were expressed in the colon cancer cell line (caco2 &Ht- 29).Conclusion: Collectively, our data approved the expression of Oct4, Nanog, Sox2 and Ns in colon cancer cells and suggested that the expression of these genes can be used as a potential tumor marker for diagnosis and /or prognosis of colon tumors

The focus of many investments was pulled towards magnetic nanoparticles and their extending range of implementations in medicine and biology that particularly include drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, and cancer treatment through hyperthermia, as well as other objectives such as pollutants degradation and compounds separation. This work attempted to arrange cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4 NPs) by taking advantage of starch aqueous solution combined with a calcination process at 500, 600, and 700 °C. The acquired prepared NPs, which were muti-dimensional shape, were configured by the employment of X-rày Diffraction (XRD), Vibràting Sample Màgnetometer (VSM) and Energy Dispersive X-rày (EDX), Field-emission Scànning Electron Microscope (FESEM), and Ràman spectroscopy. The outcomes of VSM analysis were indicative of a ferrimagnetic attitude, while the performance of MTT assay helped in assessing the cytotoxicity of CoFe2O4 NPs on colon càncer cell (CaCo2), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) CAL27 and mouse embryò fibròblast cell (NIH-3T3) lines, which resulted to be non-toxic towards cancer and normal cell lines. Considering these observations, we can approve the ideal applicability of our synthesized CoFe2O4 NPs in medical implementations similar to drug delivery and non-medical utilizations.

Objective: We investigated whether co-incubation of 5-FU and gum-based cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) would improve half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) and apoptosis in the Caco-2 cancer cell line Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, we synthesized Ceo-2-XG by the nano perception method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques were employed to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. The Caco-2 cancer cells were cultured and treated with Ceo-2XG and 5-FU. Cytotoxicity analysis was carried out using MTT assay on Caco-2 cancer cells. CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCL8, BAX, BCL-2, P53, CASPASE-3, CASPASE-8 and CASPASE-9 gene expression changes were assessed by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The Caco-2 cancer cell mortality mechanism was analyzed using Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry. Using the inverted microscope morphology changes of the Caco-2 cancer cells was observed. Results: With a sample size of roughly 11 nm, TEM analysis revealed spherical structures. Interestingly, after 72 hours, 400 μ, g/ml nanoparticles significantly lowered the IC50 of 5-FU from 101 to 71 μ, g/ml (P<000. 1). Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis showed that BCL-2, CXCR1, CXCR2 and CXCR8 expressions were significantly decreased in the 5-FU and Ceo-2-XG nanoparticles co-incubated group, compared to the 5-FU alone (P<0. 001). Notably, gene expressions of BAX, P53, CASPASE-3, CASPASE-8 and CASPASE-9 were significantly higher in the 5-FU and Ceo2-XG nanoparticles co-incubated group, compared to the 5-FU alone (P<0. 001). The findings revealed that dead cells owing to apoptosis were more than two times higher in 5-FU and Ceo-2-XG nanoparticles cancer cells than in 5-FU alone treated cancer cells. Conclusion: Co-incubation of 5-FU and Ceo-2-XG nanoparticles significantly increased apoptosis in the Caco-2 cancer cells. The antiproliferative activity of co-incubated 5-FU and Ceo-2-XG nanoparticles on Caco-2 cancer cells was substantially higher than that of 5-FU alone.

Background: Colorectal cancer is the most common malignancy in humans, and it is predicted that 145,600 new cases will be diagnosed in the United States by 2019. The bioactive properties of curcuminoids and their synthetic analogs, especially their performance with an anticancer approach in different cancer cell line models, are of interest. In vivo and in vitro studies show their anticancer activity against colon cancer cell lines. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, colorectal cancer cells of the Caco2 cell line were cultured in DMEM medium containing 10% FBS at 37°C and 5% CO 2. After calculating the IC 50, the cells were exposed to logarithmic concentrations of curcumin (curcumin) 10, 100, and 500 µg/mL for 24 hours. Finally, the effect of the toxicity of materials and low-power laser combined with melanin was measured by the MTT assay test. Results: The changes in the survival rate of colorectal cancer cells show the effect of curcumin on cell proliferation that is completely dependent on concentration and time. Calculating the survival percentage of cancer cells after treatment with different concentrations for 24, 48, and 72 hours showed that the decrease in viable cells compared to the control sample was significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The results showed that the use of curcumin either alone or together with a low-power laser could improve the treatment efficiency against colon cancer. The present review highlights the mechanism of synergistic effect and new delivery methods to improve curcumin's therapeutic potential.

Introduction: The inability of chemical drugs to completely treat patients with colon cancer has made itone of the deadliest cancers in the world in both sexes. Medicinal plants are important elements of the indigenous medical system. Many plant compounds are currently being developed as potent anticanceragents. However, some anticancer agents are still extracted from plants because they have complexstructures that cannot be chemically synthesized on a commercial scale. The aim of this study was toevaluate the effects of Moringa hydroalcoholic extract on colon cancer. Materials and Methods: Moringa leaves were purchased and approved, and then its hydroalcoholic extract was extracted. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of the extract was measured, and then the dominant phenolic and flavonoid compounds of the extract were confirmed by HPLC method. The antioxidant power of the extract was measured. Then, the toxic effects of the extract on colon cancer cellviability (CACO2) were investigated by MTT assay. After tumor induction in mice, tumor volume wasassessed after extract injection. Results: The flavonoids with antioxidant properties identified in this study included quercetin, gallic acidand caffeic acid. MTT results showed that Moringa at a dose of 1024 μ M could not kill 50% of CACO2cells, but by injecting it into the tumor, it had positive effects on reducing tumor volume. The effects of theextract on the tumor were dose and time dependent. Conclusion: Moringa extract with different flavonoids can be used as a useful plant source in the treatment of colon cancer.

The aim of this study was to asses adhesion ability of lactobacilli isolated from traditional fermented dairy products to epithelial cells of human GI tract, and in comparison to trade well adhere strain La-5. In previous study probiotic potential of these strains like resistance to acidic pH and bile salt had been proved. In this study adhesion ability of these strains were asses by culture and gram staining. A1a1, Y2l6 in gram staining method and Y2l6, C6l2, A1a1 and C6c4 in culture method show very well adhesion like La-5. These results demonstrate that culture method is more confidence than gram staining method. In conclusion it seems that Y2l6, C6l2, A1a1 and C6c4 have GIT colonization ability. Of course these strains require further invitroand invivo investigations to introduce as Iranian native probiotic bacteria who can compete in functional properties by trade strains.

Background: The recent studies on BEZ235 (PI3K/AKT inhibitor) and XAV939 (WNT/β catenin inhibitor) have shown promising results in colon cancer treatment. Many studies have suggested the effects of BEZ235 and XAV939 on colon cancer cells in combination with an environmental cytokine, such as IL1-β , by analyzing the anti-proliferative effects of tumor cells and cell death. The present study was carried out to comprehend the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin1-beta (IL1-β ) around the tumor on these two drugs and also the response of colon tumor cells to new therapeutic methods. Materials and Methods: In the current experimental study, cancer cells were treated with IL1-β , BEZ235, and XAV939, alone and in combination. The percentage of cell survival was evaluated using MTT method. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell death. All cultures were performed in triplicate. Also, all statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 6 software. Findings: The results of the present study showed that BEZ235 significantly reduced the proliferation of the large intestine tumor cells, while XAV939 treatment increased the cell death up to 22. 5 percent after 72h (p<0. 05). The pro-inflammatory IL1-β significantly increased the sensitivity of the cancer cells to the XAV%31) 939, p<0. 05). Conclusion: It seems that the presence of the pro-inflammatory IL1-β improves the inhibitory effect of XAV939 on cancer cells, but it has no significant effect on the inhibitory effect of BEZ235.

Zinc has an important role in skin health and its deficiency reduces immunity to evaluate levels of zinc in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of skin, we studied 44 BCC and 38 SCC cases together with 33 controls. Blood samples were taken and after separation of serum, levels of zinc, albumin and total protein were measured by atomic absorption albumin kit and reflectometer consecutively. Serum globulin levels were estimated by subtracting albumin from total protein levels. Zinc levels were significantly lower in cancer cases than control (P<0.001). Mean serum albumin of BCC cases was significantly more than controls (P<0.01), but in BCC cases was not significantly different. Significant correlations were seen between levels of serum zinc and albumin of SCC (r=0.507, P<0.01) and BCC(r=0.43, P<0.01) patients and controls(r=0.35,P<0.01). Mean globulin levels in cancer cases were significantly lower than control group (P<0.01).We concluded that serum zinc and globulin levels decrease in BCC and SCC of skin.

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn) belonging to the Asteraceae family and known for its valuable secondary metabolite, silymarin. In order to get the cell suspension culture of Silybum marianum, the combination of 2,4-D and BAP hormones each with five different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 2 and 5 mg/L) and 3 different seedling explants (cotyledon, hypocotyl and root) was used to callus formation. High-quality callus was observed in eight different of hormone-explant combinations. Successful cell suspension culture was achieved only by using callus created from cotyledon explants treated with 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D and 5 mg/L BAP. Furthermore, the study examined the effects of 2% and 4% Serendipita indica cell wall extract as an elicitor on silymarin production in cell suspension culture at three different inoculation times (24, 48, and 72 h). After 48 h of inoculation with 2% fungal extract, the highest level of silymarin (199 ppm) was observed, which was significantly different from the control (46 ppm). The silymarin content of cells increased over time through elicitation with 4% fungal elicitor, while no similar pattern was observed with 2% fungal extract. Based on the results, the cell wall of S. indica can significantly enhance the amount of SLM in the cell suspension culture of S. marianum.

Basal cell carcinoma is the, most common skin cancer that has nodular, superficial, micronodular, Morpheaform, pigmented, metatypical and fibroepithelioma of Pinkus subtypes. In this report, we evaluated the efficacy of cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen for basal cell carcinoma in three patients. The response was good and patients were followed regularly. There were no recurrences after 25 months follow-up. This method is fast and appropriate for certain types of basal cell carcinomas.